2013 MOTORCYCLE ELECTRICAL: CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICITY

CONCEPTS OF ELECTRICITY

Venturing post today publish authors started with a quiet introduction of the concepts of electrical motorcycles, motorcycle basically electrical and electrical to light vehicles are the same, but the use of the application, the location of the terminal, a series of different forms, well before getting into the electrical circuit concepts, let we learn first what is meant by electricity. 1 . PRELIMINARYEach motorcycle is equipped with a series of electrical systems . Generally as the primary power source is often used batteries , but there is also the use of flywheel magnets ( alternator ) that generates power alternating current or AC ( alternating current ) . Parts including electrical systems on motorcycles , among others ; starter system , ignition system ( ignition system ) , charging system (charging system) , and lighting systems( lighting system) such as head lamps / front ( headlights ) , rear lights ( tail light ) , brake lights ( brake light ) , turn signal lights / turn signal ( turn signal lights ) , horn ( horn ) and the instrument lights / indicator .Before discussion of the electrical system , first described several electronic components , electrical concepts and symbols that support the workings of the electrical system on the motorcycle . In addition , there will be also discussed some concrete examples of the application / use of electronic components on the motorcycle2 . Electric Current , Voltage and ResistivityTo better understand the concept of electricity , then electricity is illustrated as water because it has many characteristics in common . Figure 1. below shows two containers are connected to each other through a pipe yangdipersempit to impede the flow .

Figure 1. Illustration of the electrical characteristics of the water

Voltage (voltage) can be likened to the height difference between the two containers, which caused the water flow. The greater the difference in height of the water, the stronger the desire for flowing water. An electric current is like the number / volume of water flowing per second, through a pipe. While the resistance (resistivity) compared all the obstacles encountered by the water when it flows in the pipes. The bigger the pipe, the smaller the alirnya obstacles, so the greater the flow of running water. and vice versa.
Water flowing in a pipe is affected by the size of the impulse that causes the water to flow and the resistance to the pipeline. The amount of boost to flow caused by the difference in height of the water in the second container, and the so-called voltage or electrical potential difference. The amount of drag on the pipe due to many factors, namely the quality of the inner surface of the pipe, and the pipe cross-sectional area and length of the pipe.

Figure 2. Barriers formula of water

 

Explanation of the formula in the English language are,
Barriers water = (length x pipe surface quality of pipe) / length pipe

 

Based on the above , it can be determined severalthere are similarities in the electrical characteristics , namely :a. Barriers to flow together with the resistance ( R )b . Surface quality of the pipe is equal to the value of the resistor type (specific resistivity ) of the wire conductor , denoted by ρ ( rho ) , which is the value of barriers arising from the type of material used as a conductor .c . Pipe cross-sectional area equal to the cross sectional area of ​​the wire conductor , denoted by A.d . Pipe length equal to the length of the conductor , and is denoted by l .An electric current is the number of electrons flowing per second in one conductor . The number of electrons that flow is determined by the impulse given to the electrons and the condition of the road to be traversed these electrons . An electric current is denoted by the letter I and is measured in amperes .Voltage electricity (voltage ) may be stated as a boost or power to allow the flow of electric current . Electric voltage can be divided into two kinds , namely :a. Electric voltage DC ( direct current / DC )b . Alternating electric voltage ( alternating current / AC )Voltage DC power allow electric current to flow only in one direction only , ie from one point to another point and the value of the current flowing is a constant / fixed . While the AC mains voltage allows electric current to flow in both directions , on each half cycle . Its value will change periodically .

 

Figure 3. The current AC electric

Figure 4. The current DC electric

Resistance ( resistance) can be defined as anything that impedes the flow of electric current and affects the amount of current that can flow . Essentially all of the material ( material ) is conductor ( Conductor ) , but resistance was responsible for the majority said insulator material , because it has a large resistance and partly called conductors , because it has a small resistance. There is resistance on the wire , cable , motorcycle body or frame , but its value is minimized by using certain metals that have a low value of ρ. No resistance was made ​​on purpose to regulate the amount of electrical current flowing in a particular sequence , and components that have the specific resistance value , called a resistor . Resistors are divided into two types :a. Fixed resistor (fixed resistor )b . Variable resistor ( variable resistor )Variable resistors consist of several kinds :1 ) Rotary -type resistors2 ) LDR ( Light Dependent Resistor )3 ) Thermistor , consisting of :a) NTC ( Negative temperture coeficient ) Thermistorb ) PTC ( Positive Temperature coeficient ) Thermistor

At NTC thermistor, the resistance value of the thermistor decreases when the temperature increases, while the PTC thermistor, the resistance value will increase with increasing temperature. Thermistor is used for detecting the temperature of an object, such as engine oil temperature, transmission, axle, and others.

Figure 5. Resistors and Simbols

Sample Application Resistors on Motorcycles
Almost all electrical circuits on a motorcycle there is resistance (resistor). Forms of resistance in the circuit can be a prisoner to the bulb or coil or resistance (resistor) used as figure 5 above. Examples of the application / use of fixed resistors (fixed resistor) on a motorcycle of which can be seen in the turn signal system (turn signal) using flasher-type capacitors as shown below:

Figure 6. Applications fixed resistor (R) on a motorcycle

Resistor (R) in the above figure will be energized if the battery dai position contact plate (P) in the open state. With the resistor (R), then the current flow through it will be smaller than the current flowing through the contact plate (P) when the position closes. This will cause turn signal lights (turn signal) does not light when a current passes through the resistor while the turn signal switch is being directed to the left or to the right. Furthermore, for an example of the application / use of a variable resistor on a motorcycle of which can be seen on the fuel gauge circuit as shown below:

Figure 7. Application variable resistor on a motorcycle

Operation of the variable resistor in the figure above is based on the level of fuel in the tank through the mediation of a float, a float arm and connecting arm (moving contact arm). The shift to the left and to the right of the connecting arm will change the the amount of resistance in the variable resistor.